论述了春秋时期法家思想的萌芽和先驱人物,战国前期和中期和法家学派的形成与勃兴,战国末期法家学派思想的总结与秦王朝法家政治的终结及法家思想对后世的影响。.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) simulates uncertain gains and losses in real life situations and thus is a good measure of uncertain decision making. The role of working memory (WM) in IGT performance still remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the effect of WM on IGT performance. Three groups of participants matched on gender ratio were randomly assigned to no WM load, low WM load, and high WM load conditions. Initially the three groups did not show significant difference (...) in WM capacity. They finished a modified version of IGT and then their implicit learning effect and explicit cognition on IGT were assessed. Results indicated a linear increasing trend of IGT performance among high WM load, low WM load and no WM load groups; participants in the no WM load and low WM load groups revealed implicit learning effect, while participants in the high WM load group did not; all participants showed explicit cognition on IGT to the same level. These results suggested that participants in the high WM load group showed good explicit cognition to IGT but showed poor performance. This pattern is similar to frontal patients. Further studies should be conducted to explore this issue. (shrink)

BackgroundStudies have found that poor sleep quality is negatively associated with subjective wellbeing in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying are unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of perceived social support in the relationship between sleep quality and subjective wellbeing in older adults with multimorbidity.MethodsA multi-stage random sampling method was used to select a sample of 3,266 older adults aged 60 years and older. The Memorial University of Newfoundland (...) Scale of Happiness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to assess subjective wellbeing, sleep quality, negative emotional states, and perceived social support, respectively. The moderated mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS Version 3.3 software.ResultsSleep quality had a significant direct effect on subjective wellbeing in older adults. Negative emotions partially mediated the effect of sleep quality on subjective wellbeing. The indirect effect was moderated by perceived social support.ConclusionNegative emotions increased the negative association between sleep quality and the subjective wellbeing of older adults with multimorbidity, and perceived social support played a moderating role. Psychological and behavioral interventions should be implemented as early as possible to promote mental health and enhance social support level of older adults with multimorbidity, and ultimately improve the subjective wellbeing of older adults. (shrink)

Di 1 ce. Cang shan ji, zi cang ji shi, "Xin zi xue" gou xiang -- di 2 ce. Zhi yan lu -- di 3 ce. Shang lin ji -- di 4 ce. Cun ya tang yi gao jiao bu -- di 5 ce. Nan Song yi min shi ren qun ti yan jiu, Zhuangzi shi ri tan -- di 6 ce. Zhuangzi shu mu ti yao -- di 7 ce. Zhuangzi xue shi (yi) -- di 8 ce. Zhuangzi xue (...) shi (er) -- di 9 ce. Zhuangzi xue shi (san) -- di 10 ce. Zhuangzi xue shi (si) -- di 11 ce. Zhuangzi xue shi (wu) -- di 12 ce. Zhuangzi xue shi (lu) -- di 13 ce. Zhuang xue shi lüe -- di 14 ce. Zhuangzi quan ping (shang) -- di 15 ce. Zhuangzi quan ping (xia) -- di 16 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (yi) -- di 17 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (er) -- di 18 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (san) -- di 19 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (si) -- di 20 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (wu) -- di 21 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (lu) -- di 22 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (qi) -- di 23 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (ba) -- di 24 ce. Zhuangzi zuan yao (jiu) -- di 25 ce. Zhuangzi jin gu (shang) -- di 26 ce. Zhuangzi jin gu (xia) -- di 27 ce. Mengzi jin gu -- di 28 ce. Mozi jin gu -- di 29 ce. -- Xunzi jin gu -- di 30 ce. Zhou Han wen chao -- di 31 ce. Shu jing lüe ying. (shrink)

To explore whether the generation of new protein folds could be linked to metallic cofactor recruitment, we identified the oldest examples of folds for manganese, iron, zinc, and copper proteins by analyzing their fold‐domain mapping patterns. We discovered that the generation of these folds was tightly coupled to corresponding metals. We found that the emerging order for these folds, i.e., manganese and iron protein folds appeared earlier than zinc and copper counterparts, coincides with the putative bioavailability of the corresponding metals (...) in the ancient anoxic ocean. Therefore, we conclude that metallic cofactors, like organic cofactors, play an evolutionary role in the formation of new protein folds. This link could be explained by the emergence of protein structures with novel folds that could fulfill the new protein functions introduced by the metallic cofactors. These findings not only have important implications for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of protein architectures, but also provide a further interpretation for the evolutionary story of superoxide dismutases. (shrink)

本书具有总论的性质,主要是从宏观上阐明和论述20世纪西方哲学东渐史的下述论题,全面展示20世纪西方哲学东渐的整体面貌,提示了20世纪西方哲学东渐的规律性。.

ObjectiveTo investigate the attitudes of Chinese parents regarding the storage of dried blood spots collected for newborn screening (NBS) and their use in research.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based survey of parents and examined parental attitudes regarding (a) allowing NBS sample storage, (b) permitting use of children’s NBS samples for research with parental permission, and (c) permitting use of children’s NBS samples for research without parental permission.ResultsThe response rate was 52 percent. Of parents surveyed, 68 percent would permit their infant’s NBS sample (...) to be stored for at least some length of time. If permission is obtained, 69 percent of parents “strongly agreed” or “agreed” to permit use of the NBS sample for research. If permission is not obtained, only 14 percent of parents “strongly agreed” or “agreed.” There was no significant association between permitting use of NBS samples for research and parental gender, education, household income, number of children, or site of residence.ConclusionsThis is the first survey of Chinese parents regarding the use of NBS samples for different types of research, with results indicating that most parents would permit their infant’s sample to be stored and would support the use of NBS dried blood spots for research purposes. (shrink)

本书受教育部2004年哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“当代科学哲学的发展趋势研究”(04JZD0004)、国家社会科学基金项目“测量难题的模态解释——量子力学前沿中的哲学问题”(05CZX008)和 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地——山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心基金资助.

本书的中心课题是儒家、佛教与道家之间的哲学对话,这一主题不仅有利于推动对儒学、佛学与道家思想的深入研究,也有利于不同学术领域之间的对话和交流,有着重要的实际的社会意义.

Ben shu yi dong zhong shu zi ran guan wei shi jiao,Chan shu le dong zhong shu de"tian ren gan ying"lun,"wu lei lei bi"he"xun ming de li"de fang fa lun,Yi tian wei yuan ben de yu zhou lun,"bian er you chang"de bian zheng tian dao guan,Yi ji dong zhong shu you guan yuan qi,Yin yang,Wu xing de zi ran ke xue si xiang,Zai zong ti shang ken ding le dong zhong shu zai jie shi (...) he ren shi zi ran gui lü shang de jin bu xing,Ken ding le dong zhong shu dui zhong guo gu dai zi ran ke xue de gong xian,Bing pi ping le yi wang dui dong zhong shu bu gong zheng di ping pan.Ben shu tong shi ye zhi chu le dong zhong shu de mou xie si xiang dui hou shi de fu mian ying xiang. (shrink)

1. Huai hai yi tan ; Si shu jin yu -- 2. Zuo cui ti ping -- 3. Zhuang yi yao shan -- 4. Sun Shanfu du xue wen ji ; Xue kong jing she shi gao ; Lun xia xi guan shi zhu sheng xi wen ; You xin yao cao ; Ji yi ; Sun Ying'ao bei ke ji yi.

從人類知識的本質、語言的本質、思考的本質進行探索，期待在問題的深處重新尋找問題的新方向。然而，這一切問題的產生、探索的過程、不滿足的感覺、好奇心、徬徨、疑惑等等都有一個相同的來源，當我們深入到問題的核 心地帶，我們突然發現，一切的解答可能都在－－「心靈」 。 本書將會有條不紊、層次分明的帶領讀者來仔細探討這一哲學問題、理論或論證，讓你很快的具備一些基本知識與思路來迎接新知識的衝擊與挑戰。在當代，除哲學外，心理學、電腦科學、人類學、語言學、腦神經科學等等紛紛 加入了這個論戰，這個當代西方最熱門的『意識問題』－－「心靈是什麼？」 本書特色 讓本書告訴你哲學上最核心的問題－－「心靈是什麼？」.

1. Xin yi shu chuang zuo lun, Xin yi shu lun ji -- 2. Mian xiang sheng huo, Lun yi shu de ji qiao -- 3. Yi yi dang shi -- 4. Xi wen le jian -- 5. Ge er bu ge -- 6. Lun Feng jie -- 7. Kai xin yue shi -- 8. Bu dao ding dian, Shen mei de min gan -- 9. Zai zai tan suo -- 10. Liao ran yu xin -- 11. Shen mei tan (...) -- 12. Si zeng xiang shi, Yi shen er ren -- 13. Shen mei xin tai -- 14. Hui jian zi ji -- 15. Diao su diao su -- 16. "Fu huo" de fu huo -- 17. Dong fang ji bai -- 18. Shen yu wu you -- 19. Tu na ying hua -- 20. Qu yu wu xie -- 21. Shu xin, ti ci xuan -- 22. Duan jian can pian. (shrink)

张岂之先生毕生从事中国思想史的研究与教学, 为中国思想史学科的发展倾注了大量心血. 七月中旬, 来自全国各地的一百余位学者, 在西安就先生最关心的中国思想史研究事业进行回顾总结.

书名原文:Transport processes in plasmas.vol.1,Classisal transport.

Ben shu fen " zhong guo zhe xue " " wai guo zhe xue " " ma ke si zhu yi zhe xue " " ke xue ji shu zhe xue " " lun li xue " " mei xue " liu ge lan mu, shou lu " zhu xi yan jiu de shi lun " " guan yu zhe xue de kai duan wen ti " deng wen zhang.